Mastering 'Give and Take': Addition and Subtraction for Class 3 Maths

Understanding 'Give and Take': The Core Idea

In Class 3 Maths, 'Give and Take' is a fun and practical way to understand the two fundamental operations: addition and subtraction. Think of 'giving' as adding things together, making the total quantity larger. For example, if you have 15 pencils and your friend 'gives' you 7 more, you add them up to find your new total. On the other hand, 'taking' means subtracting, which reduces the total quantity. If you have 20 candies and you 'take away' 8 to eat, you subtract to find how many are left.

The magic behind 'Give and Take' for larger numbers (like two-digit or three-digit numbers) lies in place value and regrouping. When we add numbers like 28 + 35, we first add the ones place (8 + 5 = 13). Here, 13 has one 'ten' and three 'ones'. We 'give' that one 'ten' to the tens place – this is called carrying over. Similarly, when we subtract, like 42 - 17, we might not be able to subtract 7 from 2 in the ones place. So, we 'take' one 'ten' from the tens place, changing it into 10 ones, making our 2 into 12. This is called borrowing. These concepts of carrying over and borrowing are at the heart of mastering "give and take class 3 ncert" for bigger numbers, making calculations easy and accurate.

Adding Numbers: The 'Giving' Part (with Carrying Over)

1. Step 1: Understand the Problem — Let's add 58 + 37. Write the numbers one below the other, aligning their ones and tens places carefully.
2. Step 2: Add the Ones Column — Look at the ones column: 8 + 7. This equals 15. The number 15 has 1 ten and 5 ones. Write down the '5' in the ones place of your answer. 'Carry over' the '1' (which is actually 1 ten) to the top of the tens column.
3. Step 3: Add the Tens Column — Now, look at the tens column: 5 + 3. Don't forget the '1' you carried over! So, it becomes 5 + 3 + 1, which equals 9. Write down '9' in the tens place of your answer.
4. Step 4: Final Answer — You have successfully added! 58 + 37 = 95. You 'gave' a ten from the ones column to the tens column.

Subtracting Numbers: The 'Taking' Part (with Borrowing)

1. Step 1: Understand the Problem — Let's subtract 72 - 45. Write the numbers one below the other, aligning their ones and tens places.
2. Step 2: Subtract the Ones Column (Borrow if Needed) — Look at the ones column: 2 - 5. We cannot take 5 from 2. So, we 'borrow' 1 ten from the tens place (the 7). The 7 becomes 6 tens, and the borrowed 1 ten (which is 10 ones) is added to the 2, making it 12 ones. Now, subtract: 12 - 5 = 7. Write '7' in the ones place of your answer.
3. Step 3: Subtract the Tens Column — Now, look at the tens column. Remember, the 7 became 6 because we borrowed from it. So, it's 6 - 4, which equals 2. Write '2' in the tens place of your answer.
4. Step 4: Final Answer — You have successfully subtracted! 72 - 45 = 27. You 'took' a ten from the tens column to help the ones column.

Real-Life 'Give and Take' Examples

• Example 1: Rhea has 43 storybooks. Her aunt gifted her 19 more books. How many books does Rhea have now? Solution: This is a 'give' situation (addition). 43 + 19 ----- 62 Step 1: Add ones: 3 + 9 = 12. Write 2, carry over 1. Step 2: Add tens: 4 + 1 (carried) + 1 = 6. Write 6. Rhea has 62 storybooks.
• Example 2: A baker made 85 cookies. He sold 38 cookies. How many cookies are left? Solution: This is a 'take' situation (subtraction). 85 - 38 ----- 47 Step 1: Subtract ones: 5 - 8. Cannot do. Borrow 1 ten from 8. 8 becomes 7, 5 becomes 15. So, 15 - 8 = 7. Write 7. Step 2: Subtract tens: 7 - 3 = 4. Write 4. The baker has 47 cookies left.
• Example 3: In a garden, there are 67 rose plants and 25 lily plants. How many plants are there in total? Solution: This is a 'give' situation (addition). 67 + 25 ----- 92 Step 1: Add ones: 7 + 5 = 12. Write 2, carry over 1. Step 2: Add tens: 6 + 2 + 1 (carried) = 9. Write 9. There are 92 plants in total.

Exam Tip: Avoiding Common 'Give and Take' Mistakes

When solving addition and subtraction problems, especially with regrouping or borrowing, students often make a few common errors. Always remember to align your numbers correctly by their place values (ones under ones, tens under tens). In addition, if the sum of a column is 10 or more, don't forget to carry over the 'tens' digit to the next column. In subtraction, if a digit in the top number is smaller than the digit below it, you MUST borrow from the next higher place value. Crucially, after borrowing, remember to reduce the digit you borrowed from by one. Double-checking your calculations, particularly with carrying over and borrowing, can save you from losing marks. Practise these steps diligently to master 'give and take class 3 ncert' problems!

Practice Questions with Solutions

• Q: Add: 35 + 28 A: Step 1: Add the ones place: 5 + 8 = 13. Write down '3' in the ones place of the answer and carry over '1' to the tens place. Step 2: Add the tens place: 3 + 2 + 1 (carried over) = 6. Write down '6' in the tens place. Final answer: 63
• Q: Subtract: 71 - 39 A: Step 1: Subtract the ones place: 1 - 9. We cannot subtract 9 from 1. So, we borrow 1 ten from the tens place (7). The 7 becomes 6, and the 1 becomes 11. Now, 11 - 9 = 2. Write down '2' in the ones place. Step 2: Subtract the tens place: The 7 became 6. So, 6 - 3 = 3. Write down '3' in the tens place. Final answer: 32
• Q: Find the sum of 46 and 17. A: Step 1: Add the ones place: 6 + 7 = 13. Write '3' and carry over '1'. Step 2: Add the tens place: 4 + 1 (carried) + 1 = 6. Write '6'. Final answer: 63
• Q: A shopkeeper had 90 balloons. He sold 43 balloons. How many balloons are left? A: Step 1: This is a subtraction problem. Align numbers: 90 - 43. Step 2: Subtract ones: 0 - 3. Cannot do. Borrow 1 ten from 9. The 9 becomes 8, and the 0 becomes 10. Now, 10 - 3 = 7. Write '7'. Step 3: Subtract tens: The 9 became 8. So, 8 - 4 = 4. Write '4'. Final answer: 47 balloons are left.

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