What Is Government: CBSE Class 6 Civics Chapter 3 Notes

Key Terms to Remember

Government

The group of people with the authority to govern a country or state; a particular system used for controlling a country or state.

Law

A rule made by the government that everyone in a country must follow. Breaking a law has consequences.

Democracy

A type of government where people have the power to choose their leaders through voting. The government is of the people, by the people, and for the people.

Monarchy

A type of government where a king or a queen (monarch) holds power. The position is usually hereditary.

Suffrage

The right to vote in political elections. The Suffragette movement fought for women's right to vote.

Universal Adult Franchise

The principle that all adult citizens, regardless of their wealth, gender, caste, or education, have the right to vote.

Constitution

A set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is governed. In a democracy, the government must function according to the constitution.

Functions of a Government

A government performs many essential functions that are crucial for the smooth running of a country and the well-being of its citizens. One of its primary roles is making decisions and creating laws that apply to everyone living in the country. These laws ensure order and safety, covering everything from traffic rules to criminal justice. Another vital function is providing public services. This includes building and maintaining infrastructure like roads, schools, and hospitals, ensuring the supply of electricity and water, and running public transport like railways. The government also has the duty to protect the country's boundaries and maintain peaceful relations with other nations. This is done through the armed forces and diplomatic efforts. Furthermore, the government is responsible for the welfare of its people, especially during natural disasters like floods or earthquakes, by organizing relief and aid. It also manages the country's economy and resources to ensure growth and stability for all.

The Three Levels of Government in India

Democracy vs. Monarchy

Must Remember

• Every country needs a government to make decisions, enforce laws, and manage the country.
• The main functions of a government are: making laws, providing services (schools, hospitals), protecting boundaries, and maintaining order.
• In India, the government operates at three levels: National (Central), State, and Local (Panchayat/Municipality).
• There are two main types of government: Democracy (rule by the people) and Monarchy (rule by a king/queen).
• In a democracy, citizens choose their leaders by voting in elections.
• Universal Adult Franchise means all adults have the right to vote.
• Laws are rules made by the government that apply to all citizens equally.
• The government also provides aid and organizes rescue operations during natural disasters.

Exam Writing Tip

When asked to describe the functions of a government, don't just list them. Give specific examples for each function. For instance, when you mention 'providing public services', write 'like building roads, schools, and hospitals, and ensuring electricity supply'. This shows a deeper understanding and will fetch you better marks.

Quick Revision Check

• Q: What is a government? A: A government is a system or group of people that governs a community or country. It makes laws, provides services, and maintains social order.
• Q: Name the three levels of government in India. A: The three levels are: 1. National Level, 2. State Level, and 3. Local Level.
• Q: What is the main difference between a democracy and a monarchy? A: In a democracy, people elect their leaders, while in a monarchy, power is inherited by a king or queen.
• Q: What does 'Universal Adult Franchise' mean? A: It means that all adult citizens of a country have the right to vote in elections, regardless of their caste, creed, religion, gender, or economic status.

Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions